diff --git a/vall_e/models/ar_nar.py b/vall_e/models/ar_nar.py
index 0b38be9..8a7fbbc 100644
--- a/vall_e/models/ar_nar.py
+++ b/vall_e/models/ar_nar.py
@@ -66,16 +66,11 @@ class AR_NAR(Base):
 		return cfg.model.tones
 
 	@property
-	def recurrent_chunk_size(self) -> int:
-		return 0
-
-	"""
-	@property
-	def rotary_embedding_base(self) -> float:
-		if hasattr(self, "config") and self.config:
-			return self.config.rotary_embedding_base
-		return cfg.model.rotary_embedding_base
-	"""
+	def causal_size(self) -> int:
+		# 1 for the stop token
+		# governs how much to shift the logits by
+		# could *technically* make it work to where it can also predict *ALL* RVQ levels in one step, but experimental.py is the better way to go about it
+		return 1 if self.causal else 0
 
 	@property
 	def interleave(self) -> bool:
@@ -241,7 +236,7 @@ class AR_NAR(Base):
 			max_steps *= self.n_prom_levels
 
 		# get next in sequence
-		for n in trange(max_steps // max(1, self.recurrent_chunk_size), desc="AR"):
+		for n in trange(max_steps // max(1, self.causal_size), desc="AR"):
 			# experimental rolling response to avoid too-long perplexity hits despite RetNet allegedly fixing this.
 			# UNTESTED. In theory it would be better to also adjust the text, but there's no way of correlating text to segment of audio without something like wav2vec2
 			if max_resp_context > 0:
@@ -463,9 +458,11 @@ def example_usage():
 	
 	engine = Engine(model=model, optimizer=optimizer)
 
+	"""
 	torch.save( {
 		'module': model.state_dict()
 	}, f"./data/{cfg.model.arch_type}.pth" )
+	"""
 
 	print(f"AR+NAR parameter count: {sum(p.numel() for p in model.parameters() if p.requires_grad)}")
 
@@ -498,9 +495,11 @@ def example_usage():
 
 			tqdm.write(f"{stats}")
 
+		"""
 		torch.save( {
 			'module': model.state_dict()
 		}, f"./data/{cfg.model.arch_type}.pth" )
+		"""
 
 	#sample("init", 5)
 	train()
diff --git a/vall_e/models/base.py b/vall_e/models/base.py
index 43a794d..b1dec02 100755
--- a/vall_e/models/base.py
+++ b/vall_e/models/base.py
@@ -202,13 +202,9 @@ class Base(nn.Module):
 		raise NotImplementedError
 
 	@property
-	def recurrent_chunk_size(self) -> int:
+	def causal_size(self) -> int:
 		raise NotImplementedError
 
-	@property
-	def rotary_embedding_base(self) -> float:
-		return 10000
-	
 	@property
 	def interleave(self) -> bool:
 		return False
@@ -271,7 +267,7 @@ class Base(nn.Module):
 
 		# +1 to include the stop token
 		n_prom_tokens = n_audio_tokens
-		n_resp_tokens = n_audio_tokens + 1 # (1 if self.causal else 0) interoperability
+		n_resp_tokens = n_audio_tokens + self.causal_size
 
 		self.text_emb = Embedding(n_text_tokens, d_model)
 		self.langs_emb = None
@@ -456,12 +452,12 @@ class Base(nn.Module):
 				use_biases=self.version < 3,
 				use_glu=self.version >= 3,
 
-				chunkwise_recurrent=self.causal and self.recurrent_chunk_size > 0,
-				recurrent_chunkwise_size=self.recurrent_chunk_size if self.causal else 0,
+				chunkwise_recurrent=self.causal and self.causal_size > 0,
+				recurrent_chunkwise_size=self.causal_size if self.causal else 0,
 				no_output_layer=True,
 				decoder_normalize_before=True,
 
-				rotary_embedding_base=self.rotary_embedding_base, # 10000
+				rotary_embedding_base=10000
 			)
 
 			if n_experts > 1:
@@ -486,7 +482,7 @@ class Base(nn.Module):
 				activation_fn="gelu",
 				use_glu=False, # self.version >= 3,
 
-				recurrent_chunk_size=self.recurrent_chunk_size if self.causal else 0,
+				recurrent_chunk_size=self.causal_size if self.causal else 0,
 				decoder_normalize_before=True,
 
 				deepnorm=False,
@@ -710,8 +706,9 @@ class Base(nn.Module):
 				if quant_levels is not None and quant_levels[i] > 0:
 					continue
 
-				logits[i] = logits[i][..., :-1, :] # shift the target so that token n...
-				target_list[i] = target_list[i][..., 1:] # predicts token n + 1
+				l = self.causal_size
+				logits[i] = logits[i][..., :-l, :] # shift the target so that token n...
+				target_list[i] = target_list[i][..., l:] # predicts token n + 1
 
 			# see comments for the split-loss calc cross_entropy call
 			if False:
@@ -769,8 +766,9 @@ class Base(nn.Module):
 				# for the AR, shift sequence so that it predicts the next token
 				#     (the NAR predicts the next token in place, so it's not necessary to do any modifications for it)
 				if quant_level is None or quant_level == 0:
-					logit = logit[..., :-1, :] # get all but the final logit
-					input = input[..., 1:] # shift sequence to the right by one
+					l = self.causal_size
+					logit = logit[..., :-l, :]
+					input = input[..., l:] # shift sequence to the right by one (or causal chunk size)
 
 				if name not in info:
 					info[name] = {
@@ -802,15 +800,6 @@ class Base(nn.Module):
 			else:
 				self.loss[name] = sum([ F.cross_entropy( inputs, targets, ignore_index=self.ignore_index ) * loss_factor for targets, inputs in zip( batch["targets"], batch["logits"] ) ]) / batch_size
 				self.stats["acc"][name] = sum( [ self.accuracy_metric( inputs, targets ) for targets, inputs in zip( batch["targets"], batch["logits"] ) ] ) / batch_size
-			
-			# accuracy sometimes breaks for mamba
-
-		# to-do: compute loss per individual batch to scale per RVQ level
-		"""
-		rvq_loss_factor = self.loss_factor("quant")
-		if isinstance( rvq_loss_factor, list ):
-			...
-		"""
 
 	def forward(
 		self,
@@ -898,12 +887,8 @@ class Base(nn.Module):
 		if quant_levels is not None:
 			logits = [ logit[-l:] for logit, l in zip(logits, map(len, resps_list)) ]
 		# (AR chunkwise) return the last chunkwise piece
-		elif self.causal and self.recurrent_chunk_size > 0:
-			logits = [ logit[-l:] for logit, l in zip(logits, self.recurrent_chunk_size) ]
-		# (AR) return just the last code
-		# Recurrent decoding relies on the last token in the logits, because each token predicts the next token in the sequence (obviously)
-		else:
-			logits = [ logit[-1:] for logit in logits ]
+		elif self.causal:
+			logits = [ logit[-self.causal_size:] for logit in logits ]
 
 		devices = [ logit.device for logit in logits ]
 		logits = [ logit.to(device="cpu", dtype=logit.dtype if logit.dtype != torch.float16 else torch.float32) for logit in logits ]
diff --git a/vall_e/models/experimental.py b/vall_e/models/experimental.py
index fb99546..d2a8dbd 100644
--- a/vall_e/models/experimental.py
+++ b/vall_e/models/experimental.py
@@ -315,9 +315,11 @@ def example_usage():
 	
 	engine = Engine(model=model, optimizer=optimizer)
 
+	"""
 	torch.save( {
 		'module': model.state_dict()
 	}, f"./data/{cfg.model.arch_type}.pth" )
+	"""
 
 	print(f"{LlmArchClass} parameter count: {sum(p.numel() for p in model.parameters() if p.requires_grad)}")
 
@@ -400,9 +402,11 @@ def example_usage():
 
 			tqdm.write(f"{stats}")
 
+		"""
 		torch.save( {
 			'module': model.state_dict()
 		}, f"./data/{cfg.model.arch_type}.pth" )
+		"""
 
 	#sample("init", 5)
 	train()